Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of

SYNONYMY

Taxonomic Comments.   A group of morphologically similar species have been treated in the literatureas fornicatus Eichhoff. The taxonomy of these species was studied by Gómez et al. (2018) and treated as 4 separate species. Smith et al. (2019) re-examined the group and came to different conclusions in terms of nomenclature. Consequently the \distributions and hosts listed under the name of fornicatus may refer to this species.

• Euwallacea fornicatus auctorum & not Eichhoff .
• Xyleborus ignobilis Schedl & not Perkins 1934. Stylops 3(8): 177
• Euwallacea perbrevis (Schedl 1951) Tijdschr. Entomol. 93: 59
• Xyleborus perbrevis Schedl 1951. Tijdschr. Entomol. 93: 59
• Theoborus molestulus (Wood 1975) Great Basin Nat. 35: 400
• Xyleborus molestulus Wood 1975. Great Basin Nat. 35: 400

DISTRIBUTION.

Numbers in parentheses after each geographic unit are the number of distinct collection events in the database for that unit. For exotic species generally only countries are listed for localities outside the New World. For further information on published sources of distribution, check the REFERENCES section.

• Africa (1)
  Reunion Island (1): no state / prov. data (1);
• Asia (14)
  Brunei (1): no state / prov. data (1); China (1): Hainan (1); India (1): no state / prov. data (1); Indonesia (1): no state / prov. data (1); Malaysia (4): Perak (1), Sabah (1), Selangor (2); Phillipines (2): Mindanao (1), Rizal (1); Singapore (1): no state / prov. data (1); Sri Lanka (1): no state / prov. data (1); Timor-Leste (1): no state / prov. data (1); Vietnam (1): Ninh Binh (1);
• Central America (13)
  Costa Rica (5): Heredia (4), Puntarenas (1); Panamá (8): Chiriquí (1), Colón (1), Panamá (6);
• Eurasia (1)
  Japan (1): no state / prov. data (1);
• North America (13)
  United States (13): Florida (13);
• Oceania (22)
  American Samoa (1): no state / prov. data (1); Australia (1): no state / prov. data (1); Fiji (6): no state / prov. data (6); Palau (1): no state / prov. data (1); Papua New Guinea (1): no state / prov. data (1); United States (12): Hawaii (12);

HOSTS

Numbers in parentheses after each host family, genus, or collection method are the number of distinct collection events in the database for that host or method.

• No host information (28);
• Anacardiaceae (3): Mangifera (3): indica (3);
• Annonaceae (2): Cyathocalyx (1): sp. (1); Xylopia (1): pacifica (1);
• Araliaceae (1): Reynoldia (1): sandwichensis (1);
• Burseraceae (2): Bursera (1): simaruba (1); Protium (1): panamense (1);
• Combretaceae (1): Terminalia (1): myriocarpa (1);
• Euphorbiaceae (1): Aleurites (1): sp. (1);
• Lauraceae (1): Persea (1): americana (1);
• Leguminosae (6): Acacia (1): mangium (1); Delonix (4): regia (4); Erythrina (1): sp. (1);
• Malvaceae (4): Theobroma (3): cacao (3); Trichospermum (1): sp. (1);
• Meliaceae (1): Cedrela (1): odorata (1);
• Moraceae (1): Artocarpus (1): altilis (1);
• Myristicaceae (1): Myristica (1): castaneifolia (1);
• Rutaceae (1): Citrus (1): grandis (1);
• Salicaceae (1): Casearia (1): disticha (1);
• Sapindaceae (1): Litchi (1): sinensis (1);
• Theaceae (1): Camellia (1): sinensis (1);
• trap (7): (3): alpha pinene + ethanol (3); Lindgren Funnel (4): no details (1), ethanol (3);
• Verbenaceae (1) Avicennia (1): alba (1);

REFERENCES

The following are important recent monographs, catalogs, and supplements to catalogs that refer to this species. The specific page on which the reference is made is shown in pink at the end of the reference. In the case of Wood (1982) and Wood & Bright (1992) clicking on the reference page will link to a digital version of the work in question.

• Wood, S.L., Bright,D.E. 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2. Taxonomic Index. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 13:1-1553 (vol. A, B). [690]

The following are references from which host and distribution data have been input into the database. If one of the above monographs or catalogs also appears in this list, it means that most relevant collection event data have been included.

1. Bright, D.E.; Skidmore, R.S. 1997. A Catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Supplement 1 (1990-1994). A Catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Supplement 1 (1990-1994): -.
2. Cognato, A.I.; Rubinoff, D. 2008. New Exotic Ambrosia Beetles Found in Hawaii (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborina). Coleopterists Bull. 62(3): 421-424.
3. EDRR 2011. USFS Early Detection Rapid Response Database. http://www.fs.fed.us/invasivespecies/earlydetection.shtml/.
4. EDRR 2014. USFS Early Detection Rapid Response Database. http://www.fs.fed.us/invasivespecies/earlydetection.shtml/.
5. Gómez, D.F.; Skelton, J.; Steininger, M.S.; Stouthamer, R.; Rugman-Jones, P.; Sittichaya, W.; Rabaglia, R.J.; Hulcr, J. 2018. Species Delineation Within the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Complex Revealed by Morphometric and Phylogenetic Analyses. Insect Syst. Diversity 2(6): 1-11.
6. Kirkendall, L.R.; Ødegaard, F. 2007. Ongoing invasions of old-growth tropical forests: establishment of three incestuous beetle species in Central America (Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Zootaxa 1588: 53-62.
7. Rabaglia, R.J.; Dole, S.A.;Cognato, A.I. 2006. Review of American Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Occurring North of Mexico, with an Illustrated Key. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 99(6): 1034-1056.
8. Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019. Reassessment of the Species in the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Complex after the Rediscovery of the “Lost” Type Specimen. Insects 10(261): 1-11.
9. Wood, S.L. 1980. New American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), with two recently introduced species. Great Basin Nat. 40(4): 353-358.
10. Wood, S.L. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 6: 1-1356.
11. Wood, S.L. 2007. Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Science Museum. Provo, Utah: 1-900.
12. Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2. Taxonomic Index (Volumes A,B). Great Basin Nat. Mem. 13: 1-1553.

Maps automatically open at the center of the plotted points and the scale is set to encompass all map points. Maps can be resized (scale bar at upper left) and the center moved (place cursor over map and drag) to see other parts of the distribution of the species. Clicking on a map marker will pull up collection event data and a literature citation if present. If any errors are found, please refer to the "series code" which is a unique identifier for a database record in any communications). Coordinates have not been entered for all collection records. Localities outside the New World are not plotted, even though they are listed in the distribution summary and in the table of records.

No.	Collection data	Publication
Africa
1->	Reunion Island, no state / prov. data, Bras Medeline; Sapindaceae: Litchi sinensis	[USNM (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
Asia
2->	Brunei, no state / prov. data, Temburong	[RAB (3) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
3->	China, Hainan, Hainan (province)	[RAB (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
4->	India, no state / prov. data, India (country)	[unknown (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
5->	Indonesia, no state / prov. data, Bogor, Java; Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica	[USNM (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
6->	Malaysia, Perak, Kuala Lumpur; Malvaceae: Theobroma cacao	[USNM (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
7->	Malaysia, Sabah, Tawau; Leguminosae: Acacia mangium	[RAB (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
8->	Malaysia, Selangor, Sendana; Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica	[USNM (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
9->	Malaysia, Selangor, Sendana; Rutaceae: Citrus grandis	[USNM (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
10->	Phillipines, Mindanao, Davao; Malvaceae: Theobroma cacao	[USNM (6) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
11->	Phillipines, Rizal, Mt. Puro	[NMW (1: holotype, female) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 689) (Wood, S.L. 2007: 409) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
12->	Singapore, no state / prov. data, Singapore; Verbenaceae: Avicennia alba	[USNM (3) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
13->	Sri Lanka, no state / prov. data, Talawakelle; Theaceae: Camellia sinensis	[USNM (15) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
14->	Timor-Leste, no state / prov. data, Emera, Railaco,Lihu, Kamalbun; Malvaceae: Theobroma cacao	[RAB (3) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
15->	Vietnam, Ninh Binh, Ninh Binh (province); Combretaceae: Terminalia myriocarpa	[MSUC (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
Central America
16->	Costa Rica, Heredia, La Selva Biol.Sta.; 8/IV/1982; Hespenheide, H.A.	[unknown (1) (Kirkendall, L.R.; Ødegaard, F. 2007: 0) (TH Atkinson-2020, unpublished)]
17->	Costa Rica, Heredia, La Selva Biol.Sta.; 7/IV/1983; Hespenheide, H.A.	[unknown (1) (Kirkendall, L.R.; Ødegaard, F. 2007: 0) (TH Atkinson-2020, unpublished)]
18->	Costa Rica, Heredia, La Selva Biol.Sta.; 12/VII/1996; Kirkendall, L.R.; Burseraceae: Protium panamense	[unknown (1) (Kirkendall, L.R.; Ødegaard, F. 2007: 0) (TH Atkinson-2020, unpublished)]
19->	Costa Rica, Heredia, La Selva Biol.Sta.; 31/VII/1997; Kirkendall, L.R.; Meliaceae: Cedrela odorata	[unknown (1) (Kirkendall, L.R.; Ødegaard, F. 2007: 0) (TH Atkinson-2020, unpublished)]
20->	Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Chacarta; 9/XII/2012	[ZMBN (1) (TH Atkinson-2021, unpublished)]
21->	Panamá, Chiriquí, El Hato del Volcán, 8 mi (13 km) S; 7/I/1964; Wood, S.L.	[USNM (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 775)]
22->	Panamá, Colón, San Lorenzo Protected Area; 1/II/2002; Ødegaard, F.	[unknown (1) (Kirkendall, L.R.; Ødegaard, F. 2007: 0) (TH Atkinson-2020, unpublished)]
23->	Panamá, Panamá, Barro Colorado Isl.; 27/XII/1963; Wood, S.L.	[USNM (1: holotype, female) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 775)]
24->	Panamá, Panamá, Camino del Oleoducto; 12/II/1999; Turnbow, R.H.	[RHTC (1) (TH Atkinson-2008, unpublished)]
25->	Panamá, Panamá, Canal Zone; VII/1979	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 1980: 353)]
26->	Panamá, Panamá, Fort Clayton; 22/XII/1963; Wood, S.L.	[USNM (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 775)]
27->	Panamá, Panamá, Isla Barro Colorado; VI/1979; Stevens, G.C.; Burseraceae: Bursera simaruba	[USNM (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8) (Wood, S.L. 1980: 353) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 809)]
28->	Panamá, Panamá, Madden Forest; 2/I/1964; Wood, S.L.	[USNM (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 775)]
Eurasia
29->	Japan, no state / prov. data, Okinawa	[RAB (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
North America
30->	United States, Florida, Delray Beach; 19/IV/2020; Golia, V.; Leguminosae: Delonix regia	[UTIC (4) (TH Atkinson-2021, unpublished)] [MEFEIS (6) (TH Atkinson-2021, unpublished)]
31->	United States, Florida, Florida (state)	[unknown (0) (Gómez, D.F.; Skelton, J.; Steininger, M.S.; Stouthamer, R.; Rugman-Jones, P.; Sittichaya, W.; Rabaglia, R.J.; Hulcr, J. 2018: 0)]
32->	United States, Florida, Florida (state)	[unknown (0) (Gómez, D.F.; Skelton, J.; Steininger, M.S.; Stouthamer, R.; Rugman-Jones, P.; Sittichaya, W.; Rabaglia, R.J.; Hulcr, J. 2018: 0)]
33->	United States, Florida, Florida (state)	[unknown (0) (Gómez, D.F.; Skelton, J.; Steininger, M.S.; Stouthamer, R.; Rugman-Jones, P.; Sittichaya, W.; Rabaglia, R.J.; Hulcr, J. 2018: 0)]
34->	United States, Florida, Florida (state)	[unknown (0) (Gómez, D.F.; Skelton, J.; Steininger, M.S.; Stouthamer, R.; Rugman-Jones, P.; Sittichaya, W.; Rabaglia, R.J.; Hulcr, J. 2018: 0)]
35->	United States, Florida, Ft. Lauderdale, IFAS Res. & Educ. Ctr.; 6/V/2004; Ortiz, S.; Leguminosae: Delonix regia	[FSCA (17) (Rabaglia, R.J.; Dole, S.A.;Cognato, A.I. 2006: 1036) (Rabaglia, R.J.; Dole, S.A.;Cognato, A.I. 2006: 1036) (Rabaglia, R.J.; Dole, S.A.;Cognato, A.I. 2006: 1036)] [UTIC (1) (Rabaglia, R.J.; Dole, S.A.;Cognato, A.I. 2006: 1036)] [TAMU (8) (Rabaglia, R.J.; Dole, S.A.;Cognato, A.I. 2006: 1036) (Rabaglia, R.J.; Dole, S.A.;Cognato, A.I. 2006: 1036)]
36->	United States, Florida, Ft. Lauderdale, IFAS Res. & Educ. Ctr.; 6/V/2004; Leguminosae: Delonix regia	[unknown (1) (Rabaglia, R.J.; Dole, S.A.;Cognato, A.I. 2006: 1036)]
37->	United States, Florida, Homestead; 14/IV/2014; Derksen, A.; trap: Lindgren Funnel ethanol	[unknown (1) (EDRR 2014: 0)]
38->	United States, Florida, Homestead, IFAS TREC; 29/VI/2015; Atkinson, T.H.; Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica	[UTIC (2) (TH Atkinson-2015, unpublished)]
39->	United States, Florida, Miami; 3/IV/2002; Floyd, T.; Leguminosae: Delonix regia	[FSCA (5) (LR Kirkendall-2002, unpublished) (TH Atkinson-2007, unpublished)]
40->	United States, Florida, Miami; 6/VIII/2009; Silagyi, A.; Charlton, L.; Lauraceae: Persea americana	[FSCA (4) (TH Atkinson-2013, unpublished)]
41->	United States, Florida, Miami; 12/V/2014; Derksen, A.; trap: Lindgren Funnel ethanol	[unknown (1) (EDRR 2014: 0)]
42->	United States, Florida, Miami, USDA Subtropical Res. Sta.; 2/VI/2004; Myers, G.; trap: Lindgren Funnel	[FSCA (2) (MC Thomas-2003, unpublished) (TH Atkinson-2007, unpublished)] [UTIC (1) (TH Atkinson-2015, unpublished)]
Oceania
43->	American Samoa, no state / prov. data, Tutuila, Malaeimi	[RAB (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
44->	Australia, no state / prov. data, Australia (country)	[unknown (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
45->	Fiji, no state / prov. data, Viti Levu; Annonaceae: Cyathocalyx sp.	[RAB (2) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
46->	Fiji, no state / prov. data, Viti Levu; Myristicaceae: Myristica castaneifolia	[RAB (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
47->	Fiji, no state / prov. data, Viti Levu; Salicaceae: Casearia disticha	[RAB (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
48->	Fiji, no state / prov. data, Viti Levu; Moraceae: Artocarpus altilis	[RAB (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
49->	Fiji, no state / prov. data, Vitu Levu, Galoa; Annonaceae: Xylopia pacifica	[RAB (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
50->	Fiji, no state / prov. data, Wailoku; Malvaceae: Trichospermum sp.	[RAB (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
51->	Palau, no state / prov. data, Peleliu Island	[USNM (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
52->	Papua New Guinea, no state / prov. data, Papua New Guinea (country)	[unknown (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
53->	United States, Hawaii, Ewa Coral Plain; VII/1919; Bridwell, J.C.; Leguminosae: Erythrina sp.	[USNM (8) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
54->	United States, Hawaii, Hawaii (Isl. of)	[unknown (0) (Bright, D.E.; Skidmore, R.S. 1997: 149)]
55->	United States, Hawaii, Kauai	[unknown (0) (Bright, D.E.; Skidmore, R.S. 1997: 149)]
56->	United States, Hawaii, Maui	[unknown (0) (Bright, D.E.; Skidmore, R.S. 1997: 149)]
57->	United States, Hawaii, Molokai	[unknown (0) (Bright, D.E.; Skidmore, R.S. 1997: 149)]
58->	United States, Hawaii, Niu Valley; 6/VI/1970; Gagne, W.; Araliaceae: Reynoldia sandwichensis	[CAS (1) (TH Atkinson-2012, unpublished)]
59->	United States, Hawaii, Oahu	[unknown (0) (Bright, D.E.; Skidmore, R.S. 1997: 149)]
60->	United States, Hawaii, Oahu; IX/2007; trap: Lindgren Funnel ethanol	[UHIM (1) (Cognato, A.I.; Rubinoff, D. 2008: 421)]
61->	United States, Hawaii, Pahala; 28/VIII/2009; San Jose, M.; trap alpha pinene + ethanol	[unknown (56) (EDRR 2011: 0)]
62->	United States, Hawaii, Waialua; 27/VIII/2009; San Jose, M.; trap alpha pinene + ethanol	[unknown (14) (EDRR 2011: 0)]
63->	United States, Hawaii, Waialua; XI/1954; Ford; Euphorbiaceae: Aleurites sp.	[USNM (1) (Smith, S.M.; Gomez, D.F.; Beaver, R.A.; Hulcr, J.; Cognato, A.I,. 2019: 8)]
64->	United States, Hawaii, Waiohihu; 28/VIII/2009; San Jose, M.; trap alpha pinene + ethanol	[unknown (2) (EDRR 2011: 0)]