Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of

SYNONYMY

• Xyleborus macer Blandford 1898. Biol. Cent. Amer. 4(6): 218

DISTRIBUTION.

Numbers in parentheses after each geographic unit are the number of distinct collection events in the database for that unit. For exotic species generally only countries are listed for localities outside the New World. For further information on published sources of distribution, check the REFERENCES section.

• Central America (31)
  Belize (1): Cayo (1); Costa Rica (6): Cartago (1), Puntarenas (5); El Salvador (1): La Libertad (1); Guatemala (7): Escuintla (1), Guatemala (1), San Marcos (1), Suchitepequez (4); Honduras (1): Atlántida (1); Nicaragua (1): Chontales (1); Panamá (14): Chiriquí (1), Coclé (3), Colón (3), Darien (1), Panamá (5), San Blas (1);
• Caribbean (2)
  Cuba (1): no state / prov. data (1); Puerto Rico (1): no state / prov. data (1);
• North America (8)
  México (8): Campeche (1), Chiapas (2), San Luís Potosí (1), Tabasco (1), Veracruz (3);
• South America (7)
  Bolivia (1): Santa Cruz (1); Brazil (1): Rôndonia (1); Colombia (1): Valle del Cauca (1); Perú (3): Loreto (2), Madre de Dios (1); Venezuela (1): Miranda (1);
• UNK (1)
  (1): no state / prov. data (1);

HOSTS

Numbers in parentheses after each host family, genus, or collection method are the number of distinct collection events in the database for that host or method.

• No host information (24);
• Bignoniaceae (2): Tabebuia (2): no species data (1), sp. (1);
• Leguminosae (1): Lysiloma (1): bahamensis (1);
• Malvaceae (1): Theobroma (1): cacao (1);
• Moraceae (1): Trophis (1): racemosa (1);
• trap (20) (1): no details (1); car net (2): no details (2); light (17): no details (8), mercury vapor + UV (1), ultraviolet (8);

REFERENCES

The following are important recent monographs, catalogs, and supplements to catalogs that refer to this species. The specific page on which the reference is made is shown in pink at the end of the reference. In the case of Wood (1982) and Wood & Bright (1992) clicking on the reference page will link to a digital version of the work in question.

• Wood, S.L. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 6:1-1356. [841]. (data capture complete)
• Wood, S.L., Bright,D.E. 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2. Taxonomic Index. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 13:1-1553 (vol. A, B). [748]
• Wood, S.L. 2007. Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Sci. Mus.,Provo, Utah. 900 pp. [458]. (data capture complete)

The following are references from which host and distribution data have been input into the database. If one of the above monographs or catalogs also appears in this list, it means that most relevant collection event data have been included.

1. . . .
2. Bright, D.E. 1972. New species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Mexico, with additional notes. I. Tribes Xyleborini and Corthylini. Can. Entomol. 104: 1369-1385.
3. Bright, D.E. 1981. Studies on West Indian Scolytidae (Coleoptera) 1. New species, new distribution records and taxonomic notes. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 16: 151-164.
4. Pérez De La Cruz, M.; Equihua Martinez, A.; Romero Nápoles, J.; Sánchez Soto, S.; García López, E. 2009. Diversidad, fluctuación poblacional y plantas huésped de escolitinos (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) asociados con el agroecosistema cacao en Tabasco, México. Rev. Mex. Biodiv. 80: 779-791.
5. Smith, S.M.; Beaver, R.A.; Cognato, A.I. 2017. The ambrosia beetle Ambrosiophilus peregrinus Smith and Cognato, introduced to the USA, is Ambrosiophilus nodulosus (Eggers), new combination (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Coleopterists Bull. 71(3): 552-553.
6. Wood, S.L. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 6: 1-1356.
7. Wood, S.L. 2007. Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Science Museum. Provo, Utah: 1-900.
8. Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2. Taxonomic Index (Volumes A,B). Great Basin Nat. Mem. 13: 1-1553.

Maps automatically open at the center of the plotted points and the scale is set to encompass all map points. Maps can be resized (scale bar at upper left) and the center moved (place cursor over map and drag) to see other parts of the distribution of the species. Clicking on a map marker will pull up collection event data and a literature citation if present. If any errors are found, please refer to the "series code" which is a unique identifier for a database record in any communications). Coordinates have not been entered for all collection records. Localities outside the New World are not plotted, even though they are listed in the distribution summary and in the table of records.

No.	Collection data	Publication
Central America
1->	Belize, Cayo, Belmopán, 4 mi S.; 16/VIII/1977; O'Brien, C.W.; O'Brien, L.B.; Marshall, G.B.	[CWOB () (Atkinson, T.H.; Equihua M., A. 1988: 102)] [TAMU (2) (Atkinson, T.H.; Equihua M., A. 1988: 102) (Atkinson, T.H.; Equihua M., A. 1988: 102)]
2->	Costa Rica, Cartago, Turrialba; 1970; Gara, R.I.	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841)]
3->	Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Chacarta; 9/XII/2012; Schulke, B.; Grünberg, M.; trap: car net	[ZMHB (4) (TH Atkinson-2021, unpublished)] [UTIC (1) (TH Atkinson-2021, unpublished)]
4->	Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Dominical; 9/XII/1963; Wood, S.L.	[USNM (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841)]
5->	Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Las Cruces Biological Station; 30/V/2004; Ashe, J.S.; Fallin, Z. ; Hinojosa, I. ; trap: light ultraviolet	[SEMC (1) (TH Atkinson-2020, unpublished)]
6->	Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Rd. Barrigones-Charcarta; 11/XII/2012; Schulke, B.; Grünberg, M.; trap: car net	[ZMHB (2) (TH Atkinson-2021, unpublished)]
7->	Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Rincón de Osa; 11/VIII/1966; Wood, S.L.	[USNM (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841)]
8->	El Salvador, La Libertad, Zapotitan; 22/I/1960; Bechyné, J.	[IRSNB (2) (TH Atkinson-2013, unpublished)]
9->	Guatemala, Escuintla, Zapote; Champion, G.C.	[BMNH (1: paratype(s), female) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841)]
10->	Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala; 28/III/1941; Bignoniaceae: Tabebuia sp.	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841)]
11->	Guatemala, San Marcos, El Tumbador; Champion, G.C.	[BMNH (1: lectotype, female) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841) (Wood, S.L. 2007: 458)]
12->	Guatemala, Suchitepequez, Cuyotenango; 11/I/1966; Campbell, J.M.	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841)]
13->	Guatemala, Suchitepequez, Finca el Vesubio; 24/VI/2017; Zack, R.S.; trap: light	[WSU (1) (TH Atkinson-2021, unpublished)]
14->	Guatemala, Suchitepequez, Reserva Los Tarrales; 6/VI/2005; Turnbow, R.H.; trap: light mercury vapor + UV	[RHTC (1) (TH Atkinson-2008, unpublished)]
15->	Guatemala, Suchitepequez, Volcán Atitlán, Finca Tarrales; 29/X/2011; Heppner, J.B.; Bignoniaceae: Tabebuia	[FSCA (1) (TH Atkinson-2013, unpublished)]
16->	Honduras, Atlántida, Tela, Lancetilla Bot. Gard.; 28/V/1993; Thomas, M.C.	[FSCA (1) (TH Atkinson-2007, unpublished)]
17->	Nicaragua, Chontales, Chontales; Champion, G.C.	[BMNH (1: paratype(s), female) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841)]
18->	Panamá, Chiriquí, Tolé; Champion, G.C.	[BMNH (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841)]
19->	Panamá, Coclé, Cerro Campana; 11/V/1980; Riley, E.G.	[EGRC (2) (TH Atkinson-1987, unpublished)]
20->	Panamá, Coclé, Chiguirí Arriba, Cerro La Vieja Lodge; 4/VIII/2008; Heppner, J.B.	[FSCA (1) (TH Atkinson-2013, unpublished)]
21->	Panamá, Coclé, El Copé; 9/IX/2008; Sekerka, L.; Windsor, D.	[BMNH (1) (TH Atkinson-2016, unpublished)]
22->	Panamá, Colón, Fort San Lorenzo; 10/X/1957; trap: light	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841)]
23->	Panamá, Colón, Sabanitas, 2 km S; 27/VI/1999; Gillogly, A.R.; trap: light ultraviolet	[TAMU (1) (TH Atkinson-2021, unpublished)]
24->	Panamá, Colón, Santa Rita Ridge; 10/VI/1977; Stockwell, H.P.; trap: light	[TAMU (2) (TH Atkinson-2008, unpublished)]
25->	Panamá, Darien, Cerro Pirre; 3/VI/2017; Riley, E.G.; trap: light ultraviolet	[TAMU (1) (Wood, S.L. 2007: 0)]
26->	Panamá, Panamá, Barro Colorado Isl.; 10/II/1976; Newton, A.	[MCZ (1) (TH Atkinson-1988, unpublished)]
27->	Panamá, Panamá, El Llano-Cartí Rd., Buryabar Lodge; 7/VIII/2011; Riley, E.G.; Riley, M.L.; trap: light	[EGRC (1) (TH Atkinson-2012, unpublished)]
28->	Panamá, Panamá, Ft. Clayton, Albrook Forest; 8/VI/1967; Hutton, R.; Llaurado; trap: light ultraviolet	[UAAM (1) (TH Atkinson-2007, unpublished)]
29->	Panamá, Panamá, Gamboa; 23/III/1970; Stockwell, H.P.; trap: light	[TAMU (1) (TH Atkinson-2008, unpublished)]
30->	Panamá, Panamá, Madden Forest; 6/IX/1972; Stockwell, H.P.; trap: light	[TAMU (1) (TH Atkinson-2008, unpublished)]
31->	Panamá, San Blas, Nusagandi; 18/V/1993; Riley, E.G.; trap: light ultraviolet	[EGRC (1) (TH Atkinson-2011, unpublished)]
Caribbean
32->	Cuba, no state / prov. data, Buenos Aires, Trinidad Mts; VI/1939; Parsons, C.T.	[MCZ (1) (TH Atkinson-1988, unpublished)]
33->	Puerto Rico, no state / prov. data, Almirante; 5/XI/1952; Blanton, F.L.	[USNM (1) (Bright, D.E. 1981: 157)]
North America
34->	México, Campeche, Campo de Investigación Forestal 'El Tormento'; 20/VI/1983; Estrada V., A.; Leguminosae: Lysiloma bahamensis	[CEAM () (Estrada V., A, Atkinson, T.H. 1989: 207)]
35->	México, Chiapas, Ocozocoautla, 12 mi N; 10/VII/1971; Clark; Murray; Hart; Schaffner, J.C.; trap: light	[TAMU (1) (SL Wood-1987, unpublished) (TH Atkinson-1987, unpublished)]
36->	México, Chiapas, Palenque Ruins; 9/V/1969; Bright, D.E.	[CNC () (Bright, D.E. 1972: 1385)]
37->	México, San Luís Potosí, Huichihuayan; 7/III/1948; Seevers, C.H.	[FMNH (1) (TH Atkinson-2022, unpublished)]
38->	México, Tabasco, Cárdenas, Ejido el Bajío; 2007; Perez de la Cruz, M.; trap	[UJAT (1) (Pérez De La Cruz, M.; Equihua Martinez, A.; Romero Nápoles, J.; Sánchez Soto, S.; García López, E. 2009: 783)]
39->	México, Veracruz, Balzapote; 7/VII/1976; Newton, A.	[MCZ (1) (TH Atkinson-1988, unpublished)]
40->	México, Veracruz, Dos Amates; 3/V/1969; Bright, D.E.	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841)]
41->	México, Veracruz, Lake Catemaco; 3/VI/1969; Bright, D.E.	[CNC (1) (Bright, D.E. 1972: 1385) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841)]
South America
42->	Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Buena Vista, 3.7 km SSE, Hotel Flora & Fauna; 5/XI/2001; Thomas, M.C.; trap: light ultraviolet	[FSCA (1) (TH Atkinson-2021, unpublished)]
43->	Brazil, Rôndonia, Ariquemes, 62 km SW; 3/XII/1996; Eger, J.E.; trap: light ultraviolet	[FSCA (1) (TH Atkinson-2007, unpublished)]
44->	Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Anchicaya; 27/VII/1970; Campbell, J.M.	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841) (Wood, S.L. 2007: 458)]
45->	Perú, Loreto, 40 km NE Iquitos on Amazon Riv., Explorama Lodge; Castner, J.; Skelley, P.E.; trap: light	[FSCA (1) (Smith, S.M.; Beaver, R.A.; Cognato, A.I. 2017: 91)]
46->	Perú, Loreto, Iquitos, 68 km SW towards Nauta, Rio Itaya; Petrov, A.V.	[AVP (3) (Smith, S.M.; Beaver, R.A.; Cognato, A.I. 2017: 91)]
47->	Perú, Madre de Dios, CICRA Field Station; Chaboo team; trap: light ultraviolet	[SEMC (1) (Smith, S.M.; Beaver, R.A.; Cognato, A.I. 2017: 91)]
48->	Venezuela, Miranda, Caucagua; 1971; Malvaceae: Theobroma cacao	[unknown (1) (Wood, S.L. 1982: 841) (Wood, S.L. 2007: 458)]
UNK
49->	, no state / prov. data; Moraceae: Trophis racemosa	[unknown (0) (Wood, S.L.; Bright, D.E. 1992: 748)]